What Is a Conventional Septic System?

A conventional septic system is a wastewater treatment system commonly used in single-family homes or small businesses. It’s designed to safely process household wastewater onsite, using natural processes and basic technology.

Main Components of a Conventional Septic System

There are two primary parts:

1. Septic Tank

• This is a buried, watertight container usually made of concrete, fiberglass, or polyethylene.

• It receives all wastewater from your home (from toilets, sinks, showers, washing machines, etc.).

• Solids settle to the bottom (forming sludge), oils and grease float to the top (scum), and the partially treated water (effluent) flows out to the drain field.

2. Drain field (Leach Field)

• A shallow, covered trench, located underground.

• The effluent from the septic tank is distributed into this area, where it disperses through the soil.

• The soil naturally filters and treats the water before it reaches the groundwater.

How It Works: A Simple Breakdown

1. Wastewater leaves your house and enters the septic tank.

2. Solids settle and begin to break down naturally.

3. Effluent flows into the drain field.

4. The soil absorbs and filters the wastewater, removing harmful bacteria and nutrients.

Why Soil Matters: The Role of Permeability

Before installing a conventional septic system, one critical factor must be evaluated: your soil’s permeability. That means how easily water can move through the soil.

• If the soil is too porous, wastewater may move too quickly through the drainfield, not getting properly treated before it reaches the groundwater.

• If the soil is too dense (like heavy clay), it may not absorb the effluent fast enough, leading to system backups or surface pooling.

Because of this, a soil test is required before installation. This test measures how fast water drains through your soil and determines whether a conventional system is a suitable option—or if an alternative system is needed.

Maintenance Tips for Homeowners

Keeping your conventional septic system in good working condition is crucial. Here’s how you can help:

• Pump your tank regularly (every 3 years your county will send a notice for required maintance).

• Don’t flush non-biodegradable items (like wipes, feminine products, or grease).

• Limit water usage to avoid overloading the system.

• Avoid parking or planting trees over the drain field to prevent damage.

Why Understanding Your Septic System Matters

Understanding how your septic system works helps you make smarter decisions about your water use and home maintenance. It can also save you money by preventing costly repairs or system failures down the line.

If you're unsure about the type of system you have, need a soil test, or want to schedule a professional inspection, our team is here to help. A little care goes a long way in keeping your septic system running smoothly!

example of a septic tank above